![]() ![]() So even while the Android physical “Back” button is generally expected to return the user to the previous app for the price of a single tap, iOS did not receive this functionality until iOS 9 (as an “ afterthought”) with the very small “Back to App” button that appears in the top leading edge of iOS to return a user back to an app that has opened a current foregrounded app. In Android, users have always had the hardware “Back” button, but this hasn’t always been the case with iOS. Have platforms provided any recent solutions for in-app browsing? And while you can enable some advanced options that may be crucial to your app’s use cases via platform-specific WebView APIs, you are now also the maintainer of a browser in addition to focusing on whatever else it is your app is doing. Basic features such as bookmarking, tabs, shared sessions and cookies, reader mode, and private browsing are “free” when using the default browser, but require significant effort to duplicate and/or improve upon. You can customize the UI to differentiate from the default browser, but you likely don’t have as much time, resources, or research as the real browser vendors do, so achieving greatness may be difficult. Out of the box there is no WebView “chrome” at all: no navigation bar or buttons, just the loaded HTML page consuming as much screen real estate as you choose, controlled programmatically by the host application. How hard is it to create your own in-app browser?Ĭreating your own in-app browser is not a difficult task, however making a “great” in-app browser is nontrivial. What this means for users is that unscrupulous publishers can bypass some security features normally available on default browsers in order to gain access to potentially sensitive data. In a similar way in-app browsers might also put too much power in the hands of publishers, for example SSL errors can be bypassed or ignored (on Android) and the JavaScript environment is accessible (callable) from native code on both platforms. Before its whitelisting restriction in iOS 9, apps could use the method “canOpenURL” to detect the presence of thousands of installed apps via custom schemes to serve targeted advertisements, later deemed a violation of privacy. When browsing content from in-app browsers, users may not be aware of the security risks they face. What security risks do custom in-app browsers present for users? Twitter on Android appears to use Chrome Custom Tabs, which is discussed in more detail below. Analytics platforms refer to these experiences as “ Safari (in-app)” rather than enumerating the source applications. Both browsers sport “share action sheets” which are confined to sharing URLs on their individual platforms and for opening pages in other browsers. Facebook offers a way to “save” URLs but this is separate from the default browser bookmarking experience. Both browsers provide crude navigation controls for forward and back: no bookmarks, tabs, shared sessions, or shared cookies. Twitter on iOS and Facebook on Android feature a read-only navigation bar, iOS Facebook’s navigation bar accepts user-input and does more than just search the web. The most popular examples of apps that use bespoke in-app browsers are probably Facebook and Twitter. What do Facebook and Twitter do for in-app browsing? enable Web Storage API, allow inline and automatic video playback). Each also offers their own platform-specific methods for enabling/disabling bits of functionality (e.g. go back or forward), access to the JavaScript environment from native code, as well as a means for customizing the User Agent string. Both provide public methods for crude navigational controls (e.g. Both are usually created by making instances of WebViews (supported in Android v1, iOS 2+) and by loading either a public URL or some content from your app’s resources, or a string of HTML into this instance via public methods. In-app browsers on iOS and Android are similar in many ways. *Kirk’s completely fabricated in-app browser origin story What are in-app browsers and what problems do they solve? In the effort to keep metrics going “up and to the right”, it was only natural that publishers would want users to stay in “their” app for as long as possible, and lo! The in-app browser was conceived as a means to this end.* Keep in mind that this was happening while apps were just beginning to gain traction and marketers were scrambling to identify valuable metrics in this new app space. ![]() This caused the browser to become the active application, and depending on the platform, may have also required the user to perform more than just a single tap to return to the previous app. In olden times, when mobile apps wanted to show web content, they would open the URL in the default browser.
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